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St Mary's Church (dedicated in full to St Mary the Virgin) is the Anglican parish church of the Hampden Park suburb of Eastbourne, a town and borough in the English county of East Sussex. Originally linked to the church at nearby Willingdon, it later became a separate parish church. The first building was destroyed by a bomb during World War II, and Edward Maufe was commissioned to design a replacement church; the hilltop building, finished in 1954, has been called "one of his most charming designs". English Heritage has listed it at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance. ==History== Until the early 19th century, the area covered by the present town of Eastbourne was thinly populated: there were four small settlements separated by farmland. The oldest, originally known as Bourne and now as the Old Town, was the site of the old parish church. Residential development was focused on the seafront until the start of the 20th century, when suburbs began to develop inland around the main roads and railway line. These were initially served by the ancient parish church of Willingdon, a village which was later surrounded by 20th-century housing. Housing developed near Hampden Park railway station (initially named Willingdon) after it opened in 1888. In June 1906, the vicar of Willingdon considered opening a chapel of ease to serve the area. He received support from Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon and his wife Marie: he gave land for the church and she arranged a fundraising concert which added £200 (£ in ) to the building fund.〔 The Marchioness laid the first stone of the chapel of ease on 2 May 1908, and it opened in November of that year.〔 Architect William Hay Murray designed a Vernacular-style red-brick, stone and tile building with windows extending above the line of the eaves.〔 Born in London, Murray had established an architectural practice in Hastings by 1874 and had apparently moved to Eastbourne by 1894. He designed or altered several Anglican churches in both towns. Attempts to make St Mary's Church independent of its mother church at Willingdon, thereby giving it parish church status in its own right, failed in 1939 because such changes had been suspended since the start of World War II.〔 On 10 October 1940, a bombing raid by a Junkers Ju 88 destroyed the church: only the bell tower survived. A temporary building was put to use as a church by 1945, but a separate parish could still not be established because a permanent church building no longer existed. In December 1948, the Diocese of Chichester commissioned architect Edward Maufe to design a new church on the site.〔 Known nationally for his work on Guildford Cathedral, he had already designed one new church in Sussex—the Bishop Hannington Memorial Church in Hove (1938). Later he also designed the new St Nicholas' Church at Saltdean.〔 Work started in 1952, and the new church was ready in 1954.〔 At the same time, a long-planned church in The Hydneye, a suburban area east of the railway line, was taking place. Originally to have been dedicated to St Nicholas, it was later called St Peter's Church. It was within the new parish of St Mary's Church.〔 Stained glass was installed in the east window of St Mary's in 1953: Moira Forsyth, daughter of ceramicist Gordon Forsyth, designed it. She had worked with Edward Maufe at Guildford Cathedral and elsewhere.〔 Rev. Donald Carpenter, the first incumbent at the new church, served for 21 years and is commemorated by a clock on the south face of the tower.〔 Restoration and improvement work was carried out on the interior and exterior between 2000 and 2006.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「St Mary's Church, Hampden Park, Eastbourne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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